A complete sequence of images of the stations
first appeared in 1797 in a six-volume work Tōkaidō meisho zue
(東海道名所図絵, i.e. "Pictures of sights of the Tōkaidō"). This work
involved more than 25 artists, was printed in Kamigata (Osaka)
and showed the stations in the order from Kyoto to Edo.
In 1798 Chōki (
長喜)
published Gojūsan Tsugi prints that were used as game boards for
a Sugoroku game. Shortly thereafter, Toyohiro (
豊広) published a series called
Tōkaidō meisho, in which genre scenes dominate the depiction of
the stations for the first time. In 1801,
Hokusai published the
first of his various Tokaidō series. In 1804, Kitagawa Utamaro
used the "53 Stations" as cartouches in a series depicting
beautiful women (bijinga). Katsushika Hokusai created seven
smaller-format series on the subject between 1804 and 1825. All
series focus on life and hustle and bustle at the individual
stations. Even before Hiroshige, the two Hokusai students
designed Hokuju and Hokkei Tōkaidō series.
Around 1832,
Hiroshige
began publishing his first tōkaidō series, The 53 Stations of
the Tōkaidō, known as the Hoeidō Tōkaidō. Most of the prints in
the series are inspired by illustrations from well-known travel
guides such as the above-mentioned "Tōkaidō meisho zue",
compiled by Akisato Ritō in 1797 and repeatedly revisited in the
following years. The liveliness and authenticity of the scenes
depicted made the series a mega hit by today's standards (up to
20,000 casts were made for each station).
Even before Hiroshige had completed his series, Utagawa Kunisada
designed a chuban format
Tokaido
series with beautiful women in the foreground and
four-fifths of the prints in which he used his friend
Hiroshige's designs for the background. Hiroshige created
another 25 Tōkaidō series in his life, Kunisada also almost 20.
One of these series was designed by both of them together and
another series was Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798-1861) the third
artist who contributed designs. Kuniyoshi's first own Tōkaidō
series was created in 1835 and he also designed other series in
the period that followed. Series with Tōkaidō motifs are also
known from Keisai Eisen, Yoshiharu and Yoshiiku and several
other leading artists.
In 1863 'Tōkaidō meisho no uchi' was one of the most extensive
series ever published in Japan during the Edo period. On a total
of 162 sheets, designed by 16 artists and published by 24
publishers, it describes the first and only journey that a
shogun ever made to the imperial palace in Kyoto and which also
symbolizes the end of the Edo period. commemorate the procession
from Edo to Kyoto by Shogun Iemochi to pay his respect to the
emperor. In 1863 the Tokugawa shogunate was in a state of final
weakness and dissolution. The procession and the print series
were like a last glittering of a glorious past. But it seems,
none of those prints contains kites.
Under Tokugawa Iemochi's (徳川家茂) successor, Tokugawa Yoshinobu
(徳川慶喜), 1866–67 tenure, the rule of the shoguns ended in 1867
with the return of power to the tennō. This is referred to as
the so-called 'Meiji Restoration', named after the reign of the
Meiji Tenno (明治天皇).